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Bombus affinis

Family Apidae > Genus Bombus > Bombus affinis

Bombus affinis
Rusty-patched Bumble Bee

In 2019, the rusty patched bumble bee became Minnesota's state bee. Once common throughout the eastern United States and Midwest, its historic range has substantially contracted and now occurs in a small fraction of its former range. After The Xerces Society petitioned the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to list the species for protection under the Endangered Species Act, the Service formally listed the bee as federally endangered in January, 2017. To date, scattered rusty patched bumble bee populations still persist in Minnesota. 

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Bombus affinis is a short-tongued bumble bee species. Queens have a different coloration pattern than workers and males: Queens lack bright orange hairs on the base of the second tergite (T2) and have a distinct black dot on the top of the thorax. Workers have an upside-down T-shaped black marking on the thorax; males a broad black band between the wing bases. Queens, wokers and males have yellow hairs on the first and second tergites (T1 and T2) and the remaining tergites have black hairs. Males have scattered yellow hairs on the vertex (back of the head or "neck") and dark hairs on the face; queens and workers have dark hairs on the vertex and face. All castes have dark brown wings. 

Bombus affinis male

male

Nature Serve Ranking

NatureServe State Conservation Status

size range

Bombus affinis queen size range

QUEEN

size range

Bombus affinis worker size range

WORKER

size range

Bombus affinis male size range

MALE

Wing position on flowers

Bombus wing positions on flowers
Bombus wing positions on flowers
Bombus wing positions on flowers
Bombus affinis range map

range

Species Characteristics

 Bombus affinis queen

queen

Black dot on top of thorax

Black hair on face

Yellow hairs on T1-T2

Black hair on T3-T6

Corbicula

present

Wings

dark

brown

Black hair on edge of abdomen

Bombus affinis queen

queen

BombusAffinisWorker-2.jpg

Black hair

on face

Corbicula

present

Orange hair on base of T2 edged with yellow hair

Yellow hair on T1-T2

worker

Black hair

on vertex

Black "T" on thorax

Black hair on T3-T6

affinisworker.jpg

worker

Bombus affinis male

Black hair

on face

Corbicula

absent

Orange hair on base on T2 edged with yellow hair

Yellow hair on T1

male

Yellow hair

on vertex

Black band

between wing bases

Black hair on T3-T7

Bombus affinis male

male

BombusAffinisMaleEut.jpg

male

BombusAffinisMaleAgastache1.jpg

male

BombusAffinisGyneVac.jpg

queen

BombusAffinisMaleLiatris-2.jpg

male

BombusAffinisMaleAgastache.jpg

male

BombusAffinisGyneLiatris.jpg

gyne

BombusAffinisWorkerMonarda.jpg

worker

BombusAffinisMaleEup.jpg

male

BombusAffinisGyneEut.jpg

gyne

BombusAffinisWorkerMonarda1.jpg

worker

BombusAffinisGyneNest.jpg

gyne

BombusAffinisGyneHydro.jpg

queen

BombusAffinisWorkerMonarda4.jpg

worker

BombusAffinisGyneEut2.jpg

gyne

BombusAffinisWorkerMonarda2.jpg

worker

BombusAffinisMaleEut1.jpg

male

Similar-Looking Species

Bombus rufocinctus

Bombus rufocinctus

Bombus vagans female

Bombus vagans

Bombus huntii

Bombus huntii

Plant
Associations

Bombus affinis is a short-tongued bumble bee species. Males and workers rob nectar by chewing a hole, providing an entry point for their tongue, at the base of a long flower corolla. Monarda fistulosa is a plant frequented by males and workers and one that this bumble bee robs nectar from.

MonardaFistulosa.jpg

 Monarda fistulosa 
 (wild bergamot) 

Veronicastrum.jpg

 Veronicastrum virginicum 
 (Culver's root) 

eutrochiumpurpureum.jpg

 Eutrochium purpureum 
 (sweet Joe Pye weed) 

Hydrophyllum.jpg

 Hydrophyllum virginianum 
 (Virginia waterleaf) 

AsclepiasIncarnata.jpg

 Asclepias incarnata 
 (swamp milkweed) 

Vaccinium-2.jpg

 Vaccinium 
 (blueberry) 

AlliumCernuum.jpg

 Allium cernuum 
 (nodding onion) 

Asclepias.jpg

 Asclepias tuberosa 
 (butterfly milkweed) 

Campanula.jpg

 Campanulastrum americanum 
 (tall bellflower) 

silphium-2.jpg

 Silphium perfoliatum  
 (cupplant) 

CirsiumDiscolor.jpg

 Cirsium discolor 
 (pasture thistle) 

Agastache.jpg

 Agastache foeniculum 
 (anise hyssop) 

EupPerf.jpg

 Eupatorium perfoliatum 
 (common boneset) 

Pycnanthemum.jpg

 Pycnanthemum virginianum 
 (Virginia mountainmint) 

VerbenaHastata.jpg

 Verbena 
 (vervains) 

Thalictrum.jpg

 Thalictrum dasycarpum 
 (tall meadowrue) 

Symphyotrichum-3.jpg

 Symphyotrichum, Eurybia 
 (asters) 

diervilla.jpg

 Diervilla lonicera 
 (bush honeysuckle) 

LiatrisAspera-2.jpg

 Liatris aspera 
 (rough blazing star) 

Helenium.jpg

 Helenium autumnale 
 (sneezeweed) 

MonardaPunctata.jpg

 Monarda punctata 
 (dotted horsemint) 

lobelia.jpg

 Lobelia siphilitica  
 (blue lobelia) 

solidagospeciosa.jpg

 Solidago 
 (goldenrods) 

physostegia.jpg

 Physostegia virginiana 
 (obedient plant) 

Chamaecrista.jpg

 Chamaecrista fasciculata 
 (partidge pea) 

PenstemonHirsutus.jpg

 Penstemon gracilis 
 (slender beardtongue) 

DaleaVillosa.jpg

 Dalea villosa  
 (silky prairie clover) 

Anaphalis.jpg

 Anaphalis maragitacea 
 (pearly everlasting) 

BombusAffinisMaleLiatris.jpg
BombusAffinisMaleSolidago.jpg

External Links

Bombus Species in Minnesota

Scientific Name
Host
Sociality
Nest
Bombus affinis
eusocial
belowground
Bombus ashtoni (B. bohemicus)
Bombus (Gibbs 2023) - SH rank: possibly extirpated from state
parasitic
Bombus auricomus
eusocial
aboveground
Bombus bimaculatus
eusocial
below- and aboveground
Bombus borealis
eusocial
belowground
Bombus citrinus
Bombus bimaculatus, B. impatiens, B. vagans (Gibbs 2023)
parasitic
Bombus fervidus
eusocial
aboveground
Bombus flavidus (B. fernalde)
Bombus
parasitic
Bombus fraternus
eusocial
belowground
Bombus frigidus
eusocial
Bombus griseocollis
eusocial
below- and aboveground
Bombus huntii
eusocial
Bombus impatiens
eusocial
belowground
Bombus insularis
Bombus ternarius (Williams et al. 2014)
parasitic
Bombus melanopygus
eusocial
Bombus nevadensis
eusocial
Bombus pensylvanicus
eusocial
aboveground
Bombus perplexus
eusocial
belowground
Bombus rufocinctus
eusocial
aboveground
Bombus sandersoni
eusocial
Bombus suckleyi
Bombus - SX rank: presumed extirpated from state
parasitic
Bombus ternarius
eusocial
belowground
Bombus terricola
eusocial
belowground
Bombus vagans
eusocial
below- and aboveground
Bombus variabilis
B. pensylvanicus. B. variabilis rank SX: presumed extirpated from state
parasitic

Source: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Minnesota Bee Species List (August 2023). 
https://files.dnr.state.mn.us/eco/mcbs/mn-statewide-bee-list.pdf

Distribution

Bombus affinis range map

Bombus affinis

Bombus ashtoni range map

Bombus ashtoni (bohemicus)

Bombus auricomus range map

Bombus auricomus

Bombus affinis
Bombus auricomus
Bombus bimaculatus range map

Bombus bimaculatus

Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus borealis range map

Bombus borealis

Bombus citrinus range map

Bombus citrinus

Bombus fervidus range map

Bombus fervidus

Bombus flavidus range map

Bombus flavidus

Bombus borealis
Bombus citrinus
Bombus fervidus
Bombus fraternus range map

Bombus fraternus

Bombus frigidus range map

Bombus frigidus

Bombus griseocollis range map

Bombus griseocollis

Bombus huntii range map

Bombus huntii

Bombus griseocollis
Bombus impatiens range map

Bombus impatiens

Bombus insularis range map

Bombus insularis

Bombus melanopygus range map

Bombus melanopygus

Bombus nevadensis range map

Bombus nevadensis

Bombus impatiens
Bombus pensylvanicus range map

Bombus pensylvanicus

Bombus perplexus range map

Bombus perplexus

Bombus rufocinctus range map

Bombus rufocinctus

Bombus sandersoni range map

Bombus sandersoni

Bombus rufocinctus
Bombus perplexus female
Bombus suckleyi range map

Bombus suckleyi

Bombus ternarius range map

Bombus ternarius

Bombus terricola range map

Bombus terricola

Bombus vagans range map

Bombus vagans

Bombus ternarius

Bombus Annual Nest Cycle

Bombus nest cycle

Gynes emerge from hibernation.

Workers emerge from nest and collect pollen and nectar.

Gynes establish nest and collect pollen and nectar from flowers. 

Gynes search for a nest site.

Males begin emerging. 

Some males

establish
territories.

New gynes emerge from nest and visit flowers to sequester fat.

New gynes mate
with a male.

New gynes excavate a
shallow hibernation burrow.

NEST ESTABLISHED

NEST ENDS

Males, workers, and queen perish.

Participatory Science Opportunities

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Citations and Further Reading

Droege, S., Shumar, S., & Maffei, C. (2024). The Very Handy Bee Manual (2.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12812755

Gibbs, J., Hanuschuk, E., Miller, R., Dubois, M., Martini, M., Robinson, S., ... & Onuferko, T. M. (2023). A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Manitoba, Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 155, e3.

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Mitchell, T. B. (1960). Bees of the eastern United States. Technical Bulletin No. 141. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station.

Portman, Z. M., Gardner, J., Lane, I. G., Gerjets, N., Petersen, J. D., Ascher, J. S., ... & Cariveau, D. P. (2023). A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota. Zootaxa, 5304(1), 1-95.

Williams, P. H., Thorp, R. W., Richardson, L. L., & Colla, S. R. (2014). Bumble bees of North America: an identification guide. Princeton University Press


Wilson, J. S., & Messinger Carril, O. J. (2016). The bees in your backyard: a guide to North America's bees. Princeton University Press.

Page Photography Credits

Heather Holm
Steve Mlodinow CC BY-NC 4.0 (Brachymelecta)
Michelle Orcutt
CC-BY-NC 4.0 (Epimelissodes female)

Page Illustration Credits

Elaine Evans, Xerces Society - bumble bee illustrations

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